WHAT IS BY-PASS FACTOR

BY-PASS FACTOR:
It is defined as the ratio of the difference between the mean surface temperature of the coil and leaving air temperature  to the difference between the mean surface temperature of the coil and leaving air temperature.

WHAT IS SENSIBLE HEATING

SENSIBLE HEATING:
When air passes over a dry surface which is a temperature greater than its dry bulb temperature, it (air) undergoes sensible heating. During sensible heating specific humidity remains constant. During this process dry bulb temperature of air raises and approaches that of dry surface.

SENSIBLE HEAT AND LATENT HEAT

SENSIBLE HEAT:
It is the heat that changes the temperature of a substance when it added to or removed from it.

LATENT HEAT:
It is the heat that does not affect the temperature but changes the state of a substance when added or removed from it.

WHAT IS SYSTEM, BOUNDARY AND SURROUNDINGS

SYSTEM:
A System is a Finite quantity of matter
(or)
Prescribed Region of Space

BOUNDARY:
The actual or hypothetical envelope enclosing the system is called boundary. The boundary may fixed or may move. The boundary may be real or imaginary

SURROUNDINGS:
Everything outside the boundary is called surroundings

WHAT IS VAT

VAT is a tax levied and collected on the value added to any goods each time they change hand

WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF VAT

1) VAT is a tax levied and collected on the value added to any goods each time they change hand
2)The transaction shall a sale
3)Sale shall be made by a registered dealer
4)VAT shall be payable at every point of sale
5)Input tax credit shall be admissible on the input tax paid in respect of previous purchases
6)Output tax shall be collected on every sale
7)VAT is applicable for intrastate trade
8)VAT ensures with uniform rates and procedures. It ensures transparency and reduction in consumer prices.

FEATURES OF VAT

1) VAT is a tax levied and collected on the value added to any goods each time they change hand
2)The transaction shall a sale
3)Sale shall be made by a registered dealer
4)VAT shall be payable at every point of sale
5)Input tax credit shall be admissible on the input tax paid in respect of previous purchases
6)Output tax shall be collected on every sale
7)VAT is applicable for intrastate trade
8)VAT ensures with uniform rates and procedures. It ensures transparency and reduction in consumer prices.

WHAT IS VAT

VAT is a tax levied and collected on the value added to any goods each time they change hand.

WHAT IS 80C TAX DEDUCTION

General deduction for investment in PPF, PF, LIC,ULIP, Stamp duty on house, Fixed deposits for 5 years, bonds, Contribution to statutory PF or Recognised PF, For LIC policy must be in self or spouse's or any child's name.  Premium paid towards LIC policy not exceeding 20% of the total sum assured.  Repayment of housing loan principal towards self occupied residential property. Payment of tuition fees towards any two children of the assesses.

WHAT IS TAX DEDUCTION AT SOURCE

TDS means Tax Deduction at Source
In simple terms, TDS is the tax getting deducted from the person receiving the amount (Employee/Deductee) by the person paying such amount (Employer/Deductor) 

Empoyee's income Tax is deducted at source means his tax on income is deducted by the employer (who is paying salary), employer pays the same to the income tax department.

WHAT IS CHALLAN IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

Challan Identificaiton Number, is stamped on the acknowledgement receipt to uniquely identify the tax payment.  CIN has to be quoted in the return of income as a proof of payment.

WHAT IS CIN

Challan Identificaiton Number, is stamped on the acknowledgement receipt to uniquely identify the tax payment.  CIN has to be quoted in the return of income as a proof of payment.

PROCEDURE FOR PAYMENT OF DIRECT TAXES AT BANKS

If you are paying taxes in cash at any designated bank branch or by cheque at the bank branch where you have a bank account, the bank will accept your cash/ cheque and will immediately stamp the counterfoil of the challan with a rubber stamp containing the CIN.  If however, you are paying taxes by cheque/draft at a bank branch other than where you have a bank account, the collecting bank branch will accept your cheque/draft and issue you a paper token in acknowledgement.  When you present this token after encashment of the cheque, the bank will hand over the acknowledgement counterfoil duly stamped with the CIN.

WHAT IS PAN

PAN means Permanent Account Number, is a ten digit alphanumeric number issued by the income tax department.

WHAT IS TAN

TAN Means  Tax Deduction Account Number
TAN is a unique identification number for person deducting the tax. The person who is liable to deduct the tax should obtain a TAN before deducting such Tax.

DIFFERENCE BEETWEEN BUSINESS AND PROFESSION

Business, simply means any trade, commerce,manufacturing activity, or any adventure or concern in the nature of trade, commerce and manufacture.

Profession,  a job requiring some thought, skill and special knowledge like that of  C.A, Lawyer, Engineer, Doctor, Architect etc.,

WHAT ARE CORPORATES

Companies or Branches of companies registered under companies Act 1956.

WHO IS DEDUCTOR

Deductor is a person/company who is liable to deduct the Tax at source, from the payment being made to the party, Deductor is also termed as Employer.

WHAT IS TDS

TDS means Tax Deduction at Source
In simple terms, TDS is the tax getting deducted from the person receiving the amount (Employee/Deductee) by the person paying such amount (Employer/Deductor) 

Empoyee's income Tax is deducted at source means his tax on income is deducted by the employer (who is paying salary), employer pays the same to the income tax department.

WHAT ARE LOCAL TAXES

TAXES LEVIED BY MUNICIPAL/ LOCAL TAXES

Property/Building tax levied by local bodies.
Agriculture income tax levied by State governments on income from plantations.

WHAT ARE INDIRECT TAXES

Excise Duty, Customs Duty, Service Tax, Securities Transaction Tax

WHAT ARE DIRECT TAXES

Tax on Corporate income, Capital gains tax, income tax, Tax incentives.

ON WHICH ITEMS OR MATERIAL STATE GOVERNMENT COLLECT TAX

State Government levies taxes on Value Added Tax (VAT), stamp duty, State Excise, land revenue and tax on professions

ON WHICH ITEMS OR MATERIAL CENTRAL GOVERNMENT COLLECT TAX

Central Government levies taxes on income ( except income on agricultural income, which state government can levy), custom duties, central excise and service tax.

WHAT IS CATHODE RAY OSCILLOSCOPE

CATHODE RAY OSCILLOSCOPE:
Cathode ray Oscilloscope is an electronic device which is capable of giving a visual indication of a signal wave form. It is widely used for troubleshooting radio and television receivers.

WHAT IS CATHODE RAY TUBE

CATHODE RAY TUBE:
Cathode Ray Tube is the heart of the oscilloscope.  It is a vacuum tube of special geometrical shape and converts an electrical signal into visual one.  A cathode ray tube makes available plenty of electrons.  These electrons are accelerated to high velocity and are brought to focus on a fluorescent screen.  The electron beam produces a spot of light wherever it strikes.

WHAT IS MICRO ELECTRONICS

MICRO ELECTRIONICS:
Micro Electronics is the branch of electronics engineering which deals with micro circuits.  A micro circuit is simply a miniature assembly of electronic components. e.g Integrated circuit.

WHAT IS AN INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT:
An Integrated Circuit is one in which circuit components such as transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors etc. are automatically part of a small semiconductor chip.

An integrated circuit consists of a number of circuit components ( e.g transistors, diodes, resistors etc) and their inter connections in a single small package to perform a complete electronic function.

WHAT IS MONOLITHIC IC

MONOLITHIC IC:
Monilithic IC is one in which all components and their inter connections are formed on a single thin wafer called substrate.

WHAT ARE HYBRID PARAMETERS

HYBRID PARAMETERS:
Every Linear Circuit having input and output terminals can be analysed by four parameters (one measured in ohm, one in mho and two dimensionless) called hybrid parameters

Hybrid means "mixed".  Since these parameters have mixed dimensions, they are called hybrid parameters.

WHAT IS DIGITAL SIGNAL

Digital Signal:
A Signal (Voltage or Current) that can have only two discrete values is called a digital signal.  A square wave is a digital signal because this signal has only two values. +5V and OV and no other value.

WHAT IS ANALOG SIGNAL

Analog Signal:
A continuously varying signal (Voltage or Current) is called an analog signal.  An alternating voltage varying sinusoidally is an analog signal.

WHAT IS DIGITAL CIRCUIT

Digital Circuit:
An electronic circuit that handles only a digital signal is called a digital circuit.

WHAT ARE LOGIC GATES

LOGIC gates:
A digital circuit with one or more input signals but only one output signal is called a logic gate. Logic gate is a switching circuit.

WHAT ARE THREE BASIC LOGIC GATES

Three Basic Logic Gates:
A Logic gate is a circuit that has one or more input signals but only one output signal.  All logic gates can be analysed by constructing a truth table.  A truth table lists all input possibilities and the corresponding output for each input.

The three basic logic gates that make up all digital circuits are 
1) OR gate  2)  AND gate  3) NOT gate  

WHAT IS OR GATE

OR gate:
OR gate has two or more inputs but only one output. The output y of an OR gate is low when all the inputs are low. The output y of an OR gate is High if any or all the inputs are High.

WHAT IS NOT GATE OR INVERTER

NOT gate:
NOT gate or inverter  has only one input and one output, where the output is opposite of the input. The Not gate is also called "inverter" because it inverts the input.

WHAT IS AND GATE

AND gate:
AND gate is a logic gate that has two or more inputs but only one output.  The output y of AND gate is High when all inputs are high.
The output y of AND gate is low if any or all inputs are low. it is also called "all or nothing gate".  Output will be high when both the inputs are high.

NOT GATE FROM NAND GATE

NOT gate from NAND gate:

When two inputs of NAND gate are joined together so that it has one input, the resulting circuit is NOT gate.

NAND Gate is a Universal Gate

NAND gate is a universal gate because its repeated use can produce other logic gates.

WHAT IS NOR GATE

NOR gate:
It is a combination of OR gate and NOT gate.  Output of OR gate is connected to the input of a NOT gate.

WHAT IS NAND GATE

NAND gate:
It is a combination of AND gate and NOT gate.  Output of AND gate is connected to the input of a NOT gate.

WHAT IS DEMORGAN'S THEOREMS

Demorgan's theorems are used in simplifying expressions which includes a product or sum of variables is inverted

Demorgan's First Theorem:

When the OR sum of two variables is inverted, this is equal to inverting each variable individually and then ANDing these inverted variables.

________          ____   _____

A + B    =     A    .  B

Demorgan's Second Theorem:

When the AND product of two variables is inverted, this is equal to inverting each variable individually  and the ORing them.

______    ___       ___

(A . B ) =   A      +  B

WHAT IS ENCODER AND DECODER

Encoder

The Circuit that converts decimal form to digital (binary) form is called Encoder

Decoder

The circuit that converts digital form to decimal form is called decoder

SHORT CUT KEY TO MAXIMISE A WINDOW

Short cut key to maximise a window

press  "Windows Key + Up Arrow Key"

SHORT CUT KEY TO MINIMISE A WINDOW

Short cut key to minimise window

press  "windows key + M"

SHORT CUT KEY TO OPEN WINDOWS SEARCH

Short cut to open windows search

press  " windows key + F"

SHORT CUT TO OPEN MY COMPUTER

Short cut to open My Computer:

press  "windows key + E"

SHORT CUT TO MINIMISE ALL ALREADY OPENED WINDOWS AT A TIME IN YOUR COMPUTER

Short cut to minimise all already opened windows at a time:

press   "windows key  +  D"

SHORT CUT KEY TO KNOW THE IP ADDRESS OF COMPUTER

Short cut to know IP Address of computer:

open  "Run"    and    type  "CMD"

and  type  "ipconfig" and  press "Enter"

SHORT CUT TO DECREASE FONT SIZE IN MS-WORD

Short cut key to decrease font size in MS-Word

open "MS-Word" document

and  press   "  Ctrl  +  Shift  +  <  "

SHORT CUT KEY TO INCREASE FONT SIZE IN MS-WORD

Short cut key to increase Font Size in MS-Word

open "MS-Word" document

and press  " Ctrl  + shift + > "

SHORT CUT KEY FOR PRINT PREVIEW IN MS-WORD

Short cut key for print preview

open  "MS-Word" document

and  press  "Ctrl+F2"

SHORT CUT KEY TO OPEN C DRIVE IN YOUR COMPUTER

Short cut key to open C: Drive

Open "Run"

and type   "C:"

and press "Enter"

SHORT CUT KEY TO OPEN "PAINT" IN YOUR COMPUTER

Short cut key to open  "Paint software" 

open  "Run"

and  type  "mspaint"

and press "Enter"

SHORT CUT KEY TO OPEN "RUN" IN YOUR COMPUTER

Short cut key to open "RUN"

Press  "Windows Key"  (bottom left side in the key board)

and  Press  "R"

(short cut key:   windows key+R)

SHORT CUT KEY TO OPEN MS WORD

Short cut key to open MS-Word in your computer:

open  "Run" 

and  type   "winword"  

and press "Enter"

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FREEZE AND TURN LAYERS OFF IN AUTO CAD

From outside you cannot identify the difference between
FREEZE and TURN LAYERS OFF.  If you Freeze a layer 
then its contents are not displayed.  And Similarly if you
turn off layer, its contents are not displayed.  Only 
difference between these FREEZE and TURN LAYERS OFF
is in display Memory.  When a layer is frozen the information
required to display it on screen is not loaded onto your
graphics card memory.  And when a layer is turned off,
all the information required to display the entities on that 
layer is loaded into your Graphic's Card's Memory.

if you turn off a layer, you get slower panning and zooming
on large/ complex drawings.

If you Freeze a layer, you get faster panning and zooming.

HOW TO CALCULATE KVA POWER REQUIREMENTS OF A GENERATOR

Procedure for  calculating the power (KVA) requirements of a Generator.  

example:  
A house has  10 tube lights, 5 Bulbs, 6 Ceiling Fans,  1 TV, 2 Personal Computers,  1 Laser Printer, 1 Iron Box etc.,

* write down  watts or Volts and Amps from each equipment
printed on its cover or in the manual. 

1 Tube Light = 40 watts, 10 Tube Lights = 10 X 40=400Watts
1 Bulb          = 60 watts,   5 Bulbs = 5 x 60 = 300 Watts
1 CeilingFan = 80 Watts,  6 C.Fans=6 x 80 =440 Watts
1 TV             = 135Watts,  
1 Personal Computer=275 Watts,  2 PC = 2 x 275=550Watts
1 Laser Printer = 375 Watts
1 Iron Box= 1000 Watts

*  Add all the Wattage
   400+ 300+440+135+550+375+1000=3200 Watts

   Total Watts = 3200

*  By Dividing with 1000 we get Kilo Watts
   3200/1000  =  3.2 Kilo Watts or KW

* Take Power Factor is 0.8 ( it depends upon the system
   Efficiency)

* By Dividing  3.2 KW by 0.8  we get the Required KVA

  3.2 / 0.8  = 4 KVA.

 Now select the Generator that is having  4 KVA
 Power generating capacity.